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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク California Unfair Competition Law ： ウィキペディア英語版 California Unfair Competition Law In addition to federal laws, each state has its own unfair competition law to prohibit false and misleading advertising.〔See e.g. N.Y. ISC. Law §§ 2401-2409.〕 In California, one such statute is the Unfair Competition Law (“UCL” ), Business and Professions Code §§ 17200 et seq. The UCL “borrows heavily from section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act” but has developed its own body of case law.〔California Antitrust & Unfair Competition Law (Third), Volume 2: Unfair Competition (State Bar of California, 2003 Daniel Mogin & Danielle S. Fitzpatrick, eds.) at pg. 9.〕 == History of the UCL== California Civil Code § 3369, enacted in 1872, was California’s early unfair competition statute. It “addressed only the availability of civil remedies for business violations in cases of penalty, forfeiture, and criminal violation.”〔California Antitrust & Unfair Competition Law, supra note 2, at 4.〕 A 1933 amendment expanded the law to prohibit “any person () performing an act of unfair competition.”〔Cal. Stat. 1933 ch. 953, § 1, p. 2482.〕 This amendment did not, however, extend UCL protection to consumers. This limitation was in response to the U.S. Supreme Court’s 1931 decision in ''FTC v. Raladam''.〔FTC v. Raladam, 283 U.S. 643 (1931).〕 In ''Raladam'', the Court held that a FTC Act Section 5 violation must show actual injury to competition.〔Id. at 647-49.〕 This ruling prevented individual consumers from suing under the FTC Act.〔See id.〕 Following this rationale, California applied the UCL to unfair business practices that affected business competitors, not consumers.〔 In 1935, consumers, not just business competitors, were given the opportunity to sue under the UCL.〔California Antitrust & Unfair Competition Law, supra note 2, at 5.〕 The Supreme Court of California clarified the statute in ''American Philatelic Soc. v. Claibourne'', stating that “the rules of unfair competition” should protect the public from “fraud and deceit.” 〔American Philatelic Soc. v. Claibourne, 3 Cal.2d 689, 698 (1935).〕 In 1962, a California appellate court reiterated this rule by stating that the UCL extended “equitable relief to situations beyond the scope of purely business competition.” 〔People ex rel. Mosk v. National Research Co., 201 Cal. App. 2d 765, 770 (1962).〕 In 1977, the legislature moved the UCL to the California Business and Professions Code § 17200.〔Stop Youth Addiction, Inc. v. Lucky Stores, Inc., 17 Cal. 4th 553, 570 (1998).〕 In 2004, California voters enacted Proposition 64, which limited UCL standing to individuals who suffered financial/property loss because of an unfair business practice.〔Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17203 (2010).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「California Unfair Competition Law」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.